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Related Concept Videos

Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

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Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Retarders01:19

Retarders

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Retarders are chemical admixtures designed to extend the setting time, which is especially useful when there is a delay in sequential concrete pours to prevent cold joints and to achieve a cohesive structure. Retarders, when used in appropriate amounts, can also enhance the architectural appearance of exposed aggregate finishes.
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...
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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

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Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
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Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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Delayed Absorption Superabsorbent Polymer for Strength Development in Concrete.

Yuka Morinaga1, Yuya Akao2, Daisuke Fukuda1

  • 1Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 23, 2022
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Summary

This study introduces a delayed absorption superabsorbent polymer (SAP) that enhances concrete strength, especially under specific curing conditions. The novel I-SAP improves concrete properties without compromising integrity.

Keywords:
compressive strengthconcretehydration ratepore structuresuperabsorbent polymer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are utilized as internal curing agents in cementitious materials.
  • SAPs can reduce autogenous shrinkage and improve freeze-thaw resistance in concrete.
  • However, SAPs may decrease compressive strength due to void formation in the cement matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize a delayed absorption type of SAP (I-SAP).
  • To evaluate the effect of I-SAP on the absorption characteristics and compressive strength of concrete and cement paste.
  • To investigate the influence of different curing conditions on the performance of SAP-modified cementitious materials.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a delayed absorption SAP (I-SAP) from cross-linked modified acrylate.
  • Assessment of I-SAP's absorption capacity in synthetic pore solution and deionized water, compared to conventional SAP.
  • Testing of compressive strength of concrete and hydrated cement paste with I-SAP under various curing conditions (e.g., 60% RH, water, sealed).

Main Results:

  • I-SAP demonstrated higher absorption capacity in synthetic pore solution and deionized water compared to conventional SAP.
  • Concrete compressive strength increased with I-SAP addition, particularly under 60% relative humidity (RH) curing.
  • Hydrated cement paste with I-SAP showed reduced strength in water or sealed conditions but maintained strength at 60% RH.

Conclusions:

  • The cement matrix densification around the I-SAP surface contributes to strength development.
  • Voids formed by SAPs influence the compressive strength of hydrated cement paste.
  • The novel I-SAP shows promise for improving concrete properties, with performance highly dependent on curing conditions, especially 60% RH.