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Infection-Triggered Hyperinflammatory Syndromes in Children

Martina Rossano1, Greta Rogani1, Maria Maddalena D'Errico2

  • 1Pediatric Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano IT and University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Infections may trigger macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in children with rheumatic diseases. This study found evidence of infection preceding MAS in most pediatric cases, highlighting infection

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe complication of rheumatic diseases.
  • The role of infection in triggering MAS remains unclear.
  • Understanding infection's role is crucial for managing MAS in pediatric rheumatic conditions.

Observation:

  • A retrospective analysis reviewed 125 children with rheumatic diseases from 2011-2020.
  • Twelve children developed 14 episodes of MAS.
  • Infection was documented within 30 days prior to MAS onset in 12 of these episodes.

Findings:

  • Clinical or laboratory evidence of infection preceded MAS in most analyzed cases.
  • The study describes clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of MAS in this cohort.
  • Infection appears to be a significant trigger for MAS in children with rheumatic diseases.

Implications:

  • Infection should be considered a potential trigger for MAS in pediatric rheumatic patients.
  • Further research into the interplay between infection and inflammation in MAS pathogenesis is warranted.
  • Identifying infectious triggers can inform preventative and therapeutic strategies for MAS.
Keywords:
infectionsmacrophage activation syndromerheumatic diseasestrigger

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