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Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

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MicroRNA-like snoRNA-Derived RNAs (sdRNAs) Promote Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Alexander B Coley1, Ashlyn N Stahly2, Mohan V Kasukurthi3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA.

Cells
|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New prostate cancer (PCa) fragments, called small nucleolar RNA-derived fragments (sdRNAs), promote tumor growth and drug resistance. These sdRNAs, specifically sdRNA-D19b and sdRNA-A24, may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for advanced PCa.

Keywords:
CD44CDK12cancercastration-resistantmicroRNAncRNAnoncoding RNAprostatesdRNAsnoRNA

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Oncology
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa), particularly castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men.
  • Aggressive proliferation, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance are hallmarks of CRPC.
  • Small nucleolar RNA-derived fragments (sdRNAs) are newly identified molecules with potential roles in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of specifically excised, differentially expressed sdRNAs (sdRNAs) in prostate cancer.
  • To identify specific sdRNAs contributing to the progression and therapeutic resistance of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Main Methods:

  • Differential expression analysis of sdRNAs in TCGA prostate cancer samples versus normal controls.
  • Overexpression studies of selected sdRNAs (sdRNA-D19b and sdRNA-A24) in PC3 CRPC cells.
  • In silico and in vitro analyses to identify sdRNA targets.

Main Results:

  • Identified 38 differentially expressed sdRNAs in PCa, with sdRNA-D19b and sdRNA-A24 being most prominent.
  • Overexpression of sdRNA-D19b and sdRNA-A24 increased PC3 cell proliferation and migration.
  • sdRNA-D19b correlated with paclitaxel resistance, while sdRNA-A24 conferred dasatinib resistance.
  • sdRNA-D19b targets CD44, and sdRNA-A24 targets CDK12, both known PCa tumor suppressors.

Conclusions:

  • sdRNA-D19b and sdRNA-A24 contribute to CRPC progression by downregulating tumor suppressors, enhancing proliferation, migration, and drug resistance.
  • These sdRNAs represent potential novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for advanced prostate cancer intervention.