Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
Published on: July 23, 2016
Using a State-Bounding Observer to Predict the Guaranteed Limits of Drug Amounts in Rats after Oral Administration
Zuzana Vitková1, Martin Dodek1, Jarmila Pavlovičová1
1Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Robotics and Cybernetics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Abstract:
In the first part of this paper, the problem of using an uncertain pharmacokinetic model is resolved to determine drug concentrations in rats after the oral administration of drug suspensions with and without added tenside. To this end, a generalized pharmacokinetic model determining the guaranteed limits of drug concentrations was designed. Based on this, the design of the so-called state-bounding observer is described in the second part. Rather than being driven by the output of the pharmacokinetic model, the observer can be driven exclusively by a concentration collected from a suitable part of the body and predict the possible risk of the drug concentration not remaining within the therapeutic range for a sufficiently long time. Specifically, the observer determines the upper and lower limits of the concentrations in all the compartments, especially those that are inaccessible for the collection of samples. The proposed approaches are demonstrated by examples.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation
On...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...

