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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Assessing Tick-Borne Disease Risk and Surveillance: Toward a Multi-Modal Approach to Diagnostic Positioning and

Chris Brooks1, Connie L McNeely2, Sarah P Maxwell3

  • 1Laboratory for Human Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.

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|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Canine tick-borne disease (TBD) data may serve as a proxy for human TBD risk, especially in the U.S. where national human TBD data is limited. This study explored using canine TBD reports to understand human TBD risk factors.

Keywords:
Lyme diseasecanine serologicdisease surveillanceentomologytick bite encountertick-borne disease

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The true incidence and risk of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in humans remain largely unknown.
  • Significant public health challenges arise from the unknown extent of TBDs.
  • Existing data gaps hinder accurate risk assessment and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of entomological data, canine serological reports, and human tick bite encounters (TBEs) as proxies for human TBD risk.
  • To characterize the distribution of self-reported TBD diagnoses in the U.S. and their relation to risk factors.
  • To assess the potential of canine TBD diagnostic data as a surrogate for human TBD risk.

Main Methods:

  • An exploratory analysis of a multimodal dataset was conducted.
  • Survey data was used to identify human tick bite encounters (TBEs) localized to U.S. counties.
  • National data on Lyme disease (LD) reports, tick vectors (I. scapularis, I. pacificus), and canine serological TBD tests were linked with TBEs.

Main Results:

  • The dataset included 249 TBEs across 144 counties in 30 states.
  • Respondents reported diagnoses of LD, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and co-infections.
  • LD-positive respondents reported more TBEs in counties with canine LD (OR=6.04, p=0.026) and fewer in counties with canine anaplasmosis (OR=0.50, p=0.095).

Conclusions:

  • Canine TBD diagnostic data may be sensitive to human TBD risk factors.
  • Animal TBD data, particularly from canines, could serve as valuable proxies for human TBD risk.
  • These proxies offer a potential solution for TBD research in the absence of a national human TBD database.