Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

49.4K
Overview
49.4K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fill the VOID- an introductory guide for learning medical imaging.

BMC medical education·2026
Same author

Resuscitating children in hemorrhagic shock: Lessons learned from combat.

Seminars in pediatric surgery·2026
Same author

Risk Factors, Indications, and Effectiveness of Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion in Patients With High-Grade Glioma-Associated Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Neurosurgery·2025
Same author

Noninvasive Repair of Dual Lumen Cannula Crack in a Patient Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

The American surgeon·2025
Same author

Planarian as an Animal Model for Experimental Acute Seizure.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2025
Same author

Assessing the Accuracy of Spinal Instrumentation Using Augmented Reality (AR): A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2023
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells
12:24

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Published on: March 5, 2010

12.8K

CD40-CD40L in Neurological Disease.

Heather D Ots1, Jovanna A Tracz1, Katherine E Vinokuroff1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CD40-CD40L pathway is crucial in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. This review explores its role in various non-infectious neurological diseases and therapeutic strategies targeting CD40.

Keywords:
CD40CD40 ligandimmunotherapyneuroinflammation

More Related Videos

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
10:50

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

7.9K
Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier
09:00

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

Published on: April 5, 2017

20.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells
12:24

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Published on: March 5, 2010

12.8K
Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
10:50

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

7.9K
Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier
09:00

Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

Published on: April 5, 2017

20.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) Inflammation
  • Molecular Interactions

Background:

  • Immune-inflammatory conditions in the CNS involve complex molecular and cellular interactions.
  • The CD40-CD40L interaction is known to upregulate proinflammatory molecules, particularly in B-cell activation during infection.
  • The specific role of CD40 in non-infectious neurological diseases remains largely undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of the CD40-CD40L pathway in a range of non-infectious neurological conditions.
  • To highlight current and potential therapeutic strategies targeting the CD40 system for neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating CD40-CD40L interactions in neurological diseases.
  • Analysis of therapeutic advancements targeting the CD40 pathway.

Main Results:

  • The CD40-CD40L interaction plays a significant role across diverse neurological conditions including traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, stroke, epilepsy, nerve injury, multiple sclerosis, ALS, myasthenia gravis, and brain tumors.
  • Therapeutic strategies aim to modulate CD40 signaling to reduce neuroinflammation or induce tumor cell death.

Conclusions:

  • The CD40-CD40L axis is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various non-infectious CNS diseases.
  • Targeting the CD40 system offers promising therapeutic avenues for treating neuroinflammatory conditions and brain tumors.