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Associations between Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases with Autism Spectrum Disorder and

Dian-Jeng Li1,2,3, Ching-Shu Tsai4,5, Ray C Hsiao6,7

  • 1Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|April 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Familial allergic or autoimmune diseases are linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This familial aggregation, particularly from mothers, highlights the need for early ASD and ADHD assessments in at-risk children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur with allergic and autoimmune conditions in children.
  • Understanding the familial links between these conditions is crucial for early identification and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between allergic/autoimmune diseases in children and their first-degree relatives (parents, siblings) and the children's risk of ASD and/or ADHD.
  • To explore the impact of familial aggregation of these diseases on the development of ASD/ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Taiwan's Maternal and Child Health Database for a large-scale cohort study.
  • Employed Cox regression models to analyze associations between familial, sibling, and child diagnoses of allergic/autoimmune diseases and ASD/ADHD.
  • Included 1,386,260 children in the analysis.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between familial allergic or autoimmune disease and the development of ASD or ADHD in children.
  • Familial aggregation of allergic and autoimmune diseases showed a predominant impact on these associations.
  • Maternal diagnoses of allergic or autoimmune diseases showed stronger associations with children's ASD/ADHD compared to paternal diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Children with a family history of allergic or autoimmune diseases have an increased risk for ASD and/or ADHD.
  • Early screening for ASD and ADHD is recommended for children with a parental history of allergic or autoimmune conditions.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
ADHDASDallergic diseaseautoimmune diseasepsychological well-being

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