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Environmental Pollution in Geopark Management: A Systematic Review of the Literary Evidence
Anna V Mikhailenko1, Natalia N Yashalova2, Dmitry A Ruban3,4
1Department of Physical Geography, Ecology, and Nature Protection, Institute of Earth Sciences, Southern Federal University, Zorge Street 40, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Summary
Environmental pollution, particularly water contamination by trace metals, is a significant issue in many geoparks globally. This research highlights the need for monitoring and mitigation strategies to protect these natural heritage sites.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Geology
- Ecotourism
Background:
- Geoparks are increasingly established worldwide, but their environmental impact remains under-researched.
- Understanding pollution dynamics within geoparks is crucial for preserving geoheritage and biodiversity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on environmental pollution within geoparks.
- To identify common pollutants, pollution sources, and mitigation strategies discussed in scientific articles.
Main Methods:
- Bibliographical survey of journal articles focusing on environmental pollution in geoparks.
- Analysis of studies from 10 geoparks across eight countries, including UNESCO Global Geoparks.
Main Results:
- Significant pollution detected in half of the studied geoparks, with trace metals (arsenic, cadmium) and water pollution being prevalent.
- Pollution sources often stem from external agricultural, industrial, or historical mining activities, but tourist activities also contribute.
- Mitigation strategies include monitoring networks and filtration systems.
Conclusions:
- Environmental pollution is a notable concern in many geoparks, often linked to external activities or historical mining.
- Pollution can also arise from tourism-related infrastructure.
- Geoparks can leverage pollution data for eco-education, and research in this area is vital and growing.
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