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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

Optical Fiber-Based Continuous Liquid Level Sensor Based on Rayleigh Backscattering.

Xingqiang Chi^1,2, Xiangjun Wang¹, Xuan Ke³

¹College of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China.

|April 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new optical fiber sensor accurately measures cryogenic liquid levels using Rayleigh backscattering. This reliable sensor distinguishes liquid from vapor, offering a simple and precise solution for propellant gauging.

Keywords:

Rayleigh backscattering cryogenic propellant liquid level sensor optical fiber

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Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

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Area of Science:

Physics
Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Traditional liquid level sensors face limitations in accuracy, simplicity, and reliability for cryogenic applications.
Accurate propellant mass gauging is critical for space missions and industrial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an optical fiber-based continuous liquid level sensor for cryogenic propellants.
To assess the sensor's performance, including accuracy, reliability, and response to environmental factors.

Main Methods:

Utilizing Rayleigh backscattering coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (RB-COFDR).
Implementing a sensing fiber where each point can detect liquid-vapor interfaces.
Conducting experiments with liquid nitrogen and water to measure liquid levels.

Main Results:

Achieved a measurement accuracy of 1 mm for the optical fiber sensor.
Demonstrated the sensor's ability to distinguish between liquid and vapor phases.
For the first time, experimentally investigated the impact of ambient temperature and strain on sensor performance and repeatability.

Conclusions:

The optical fiber sensor offers significant advantages in accuracy, simplicity, and reliability for cryogenic liquid level sensing.
The sensor's robustness against temperature and strain variations makes it suitable for practical applications.
This technology advances propellant mass gauging capabilities.