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Bioluminescence Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Transgenic Mice After Peripheral Inoculation of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils

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Published on: April 13, 2017

Brain Inflammation and Intracellular α-Synuclein Aggregates in Macaques after SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Ingrid H C H M Philippens¹, Kinga P Böszörményi¹, Jacqueline A M Wubben¹

¹Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.

|April 23, 2022

Summary

Even mild SARS-CoV-2 infections can cause brain inflammation and T-cell infiltration in macaques. This study reveals potential long-term neurological risks following COVID-19, even without severe symptoms.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 macaques neuroinflammation positron emission tomography-computed tomography α-synuclein

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Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurology
Virology
Immunology

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, causing COVID-19, is linked to neurological complications.
Neuropathological changes and neuroinflammation are observed in severe and lethal COVID-19 cases.
The potential for neuropathology in mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 disease remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neuropathological changes in non-human primates after SARS-CoV-2 infection with mild-to-moderate disease.
To determine if neurological alterations occur in the absence of overt clinical symptoms.

Main Methods:

Postmortem examination of brains from rhesus and cynomolgus macaques experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Histopathological analysis to detect immune cell infiltration and viral presence.
Immunohistochemistry to identify T-cells, microglia, and α-synuclein aggregates.

Main Results:

T-cell infiltration and activated microglia were present in the brain parenchyma of all infected macaques.
These neuropathological changes occurred irrespective of detectable viral antigen or RNA in the brain.
Intracellular α-synuclein aggregates were identified in the brains of both macaque species.

Conclusions:

SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce neuropathological changes, including neuroinflammation, even in cases of mild-to-moderate disease.
The presence of α-synuclein aggregates suggests potential long-term neurological consequences.
These findings highlight the neuropathological potential of SARS-CoV-2 and warrant consideration for long-term health risks.