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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
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Dermatitis during Spaceflight Associated with HSV-1 Reactivation.

Satish K Mehta1, Moriah L Szpara2, Bridgette V Rooney3

  • 1JES Tech, Human Health and Performance Directorate, Houston, TX 77058, USA.

Viruses
|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) skin rash occurred during long-duration spaceflight. This case highlights the risk of viral reactivation in astronauts and the need for viral screening during dermatitis evaluations.

Keywords:
dermatitisherpesimmune depressionspaceflightstressviral reactivation

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Area of Science:

  • Space medicine
  • Virology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Human alpha herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), establish latency in cranial nerve ganglia.
  • Reactivation of latent viruses like Epstein Barr virus (EBV), VZV, HSV-1, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can occur during spaceflight, often asymptomatically, but shedding increases with mission duration.

Observation:

  • A case of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) dermatitis is reported in an astronaut during long-duration spaceflight.
  • The astronaut experienced persistent dermatitis, treated with antihistamines and steroids, with HSV-1 DNA detected in saliva and rash swabs.

Findings:

  • HSV-1 DNA was detected in flight-day saliva and rash swabs, and post-mission saliva showed a high viral load.
  • Genotype analysis confirmed 99.9% homology between HSV-1 from rash and saliva samples.
  • Physiological monitoring included stress biomarkers, immune markers, and biochemical profiles.

Implications:

  • This case demonstrates an atypical presentation of HSV-1 reactivation during spaceflight.
  • It underscores the importance of viral screening in astronauts experiencing dermatitis to identify viral causes and guide treatment.
  • Extended space missions may increase the risk of clinically relevant viral reactivation in astronauts.