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Multifunctional Scatterometer System for Measuring Physical Oceanographic Parameters Using Range-Doppler FMCW Radar.

Ji-Hwan Hwang1, Duk-Jin Kim2, Ki-Mook Kang3

  • 1Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 88026, Korea.

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This study introduces an integrated radar system for simultaneous oceanographic measurements. The new system efficiently collects sea surface data, improving upon separate, less efficient methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Remote Sensing
  • Radar Systems

Background:

  • Current microwave remote sensing for sea surface monitoring uses multiple separate systems (scatterometer, altimeter, Doppler radar).
  • This fragmentation leads to inefficiencies in system operation and challenges in cross-analyzing observational data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a multifunctional scatterometer system with optimized radar signal processing.
  • The system aims for simultaneous observation of various physical oceanographic parameters, enhancing efficiency and data integration.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated separate measurement functions into a single system by adding Doppler frequency measurement capabilities.
  • Utilized frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signal sampling as 2D raw data (fast-time and slow-time samples).
  • Employed Fourier transform-based range-Doppler signal processing to extract distance (R), backscattering (σ°), and Doppler frequency (f).

Main Results:

  • Successfully enabled simultaneous measurement of sea surface range, polarimetric backscattering, and movement (Doppler frequency).
  • Field campaigns (2017-2020) validated system operability and cross-analyzed radar data with in-situ measurements.
  • Achieved observational accuracies: Tidal level (RMSE 0.169 m), significant wave height (RMSE 0.127 m), wind speed (RMSE 1.880 m/s), and wind direction (18.84°).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed integrated scatterometer system offers an efficient and effective solution for simultaneous oceanographic parameter observation.
  • The system's ability to combine range, backscattering, and Doppler measurements improves data analysis and accuracy compared to separate systems.