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Interlayer Defect Detection in Intra-Ply Hybrid Composite Material (GF/CF) Using a Capacitance-Based Sensor.

Khalid Alblalaihid1, Saleh A Alghamdi1, Anas Alburayt1

  • 1Space and Aeronautics Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Integrated capacitive sensors in hybrid composites enable real-time damage detection. This smart structure approach identifies micro-cracks in composite materials, enhancing structural integrity and preventing failures.

Keywords:
carbon fibersglass fibersintra-ply hybrid compositesmatrix crackingsensing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Composite Materials
  • Structural Health Monitoring

Background:

  • Hybrid composites, combining different reinforcement fibers, are prone to interlaminar micro-cracks under stress.
  • Real-time damage detection is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of these advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize an integrated capacitive sensor within an intra-ply hybrid composite.
  • To demonstrate the self-sensing capability of the composite structure for in situ damage detection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a capacitive sensor integrated into a 2x2 twill weave hybrid composite.
  • Uniaxial tensile and flexural testing to evaluate sensor performance and damage detection.
  • Finite element modeling to analyze stress distribution and failure mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The capacitive sensor exhibited sensitivity and repeatability of 1.3 and 185 µΔC/Co, respectively.
  • In situ monitoring successfully detected the onset of interlaminar damage at a specific load-dependent turning point.
  • Finite element analysis revealed high transverse shear stress in carbon yarns at crimp regions, causing inter-fiber cracks.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated capacitive sensors can effectively monitor damage initiation in hybrid composites.
  • The observed turning point in capacitance change correlates with the onset of micro-cracking.
  • Understanding stress concentrations is key to mitigating failure modes in hybrid composite structures.