Recent Advanced Deep Learning Architectures for Retinal Fluid Segmentation on Optical Coherence Tomography Images

With non-invasive and high-resolution properties, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely used as a retinal imaging modality for the effective diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. The retinal fluid is often segmented by medical experts as a pivotal biomarker to assist in the clinical diagnosis of age-related macular diseases, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion. In recent years, the advanced machine learning methods, such as deep learning paradigms, have attracted more and more attention from academia in the retinal fluid segmentation applications. The automatic retinal fluid segmentation based on deep learning can improve the semantic segmentation accuracy and efficiency of macular change analysis, which has potential clinical implications for ophthalmic pathology detection. This article summarizes several different deep learning paradigms reported in the up-to-date literature for the retinal fluid segmentation in OCT images. The deep learning architectures include the backbone of convolutional neural network (CNN), fully convolutional network (FCN), U-shape network (U-Net), and the other hybrid computational methods. The article also provides a survey on the prevailing OCT image datasets used in recent retinal segmentation investigations. The future perspectives and some potential retinal segmentation directions are discussed in the concluding context.