Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.2K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.2K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.2K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.2K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.4K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.4K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

2.5K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
2.5K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.0K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.0K
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

4.9K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Three evolutionary radiations shaped the evolution of global religious diversity.

Evolutionary human sciences·2025
Same author

Iodine supply and thyroid function in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a cohort study.

Endocrine connections·2024
Same author

Emotional contagion in a collective ritual.

American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council·2024
Same author

Muscle Dysfunction and Functional Status in COVID-19 Patients during Illness and after Hospital Discharge.

Biomedicines·2024
Same author

Effects of predictable behavioral patterns on anxiety dynamics.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in women with positive thyroid screening in pregnancy: a double-centric, retrospective, cohort study.

European thyroid journal·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

4.0K

Levotyroxin.

Jan Krátký

    Vnitrni Lekarstvi
    |April 23, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is widely used to treat hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer. Proper dosing and administration on an empty stomach are crucial for safety and efficacy, minimizing risks like hyperthyroidism.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone, essential for treating hypothyroidism.
    • It is also utilized for thyroid cancer suppression therapy.
    • Its widespread use necessitates understanding optimal treatment protocols.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the indications, dosing, and administration of levothyroxine.
    • To highlight factors influencing therapeutic efficacy and safety.
    • To provide guidance on managing levothyroxine treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current clinical guidelines and pharmacological data.
    • Analysis of factors affecting levothyroxine absorption and metabolism.
    • Summary of adverse effects and management strategies.
    Keywords:
    Hypothyroidismhypothyroidismlevothyroxinethyroid hormones

    More Related Videos

    An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
    08:33

    An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

    Published on: June 6, 2014

    11.7K
    Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
    04:09

    Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

    Published on: September 20, 2024

    434

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

    Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
    05:12

    Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

    Published on: May 12, 2023

    4.0K
    An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
    08:33

    An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

    Published on: June 6, 2014

    11.7K
    Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
    04:09

    Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

    Published on: September 20, 2024

    434

    Main Results:

    • Levothyroxine is indicated for hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer.
    • Dosing is individualized based on patient factors and treatment goals.
    • Optimal absorption requires administration on an empty stomach, separate from other drugs.
    • TSH levels guide dose titration, with exceptions for postoperative and pregnant patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Levothyroxine is a safe and effective treatment when managed properly.
    • Adherence to administration guidelines is key to preventing adverse effects.
    • Individualized dosing and monitoring are essential for successful therapy.