Ecosystem services of cover crops: a research roadmap

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Ecology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Crops providing ecosystem services (ESs) beyond food production are increasingly important for sustainable agriculture.
• Cover crops (CCs) are recognized for delivering multiple ESs, contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• The impact of genotype × environment × management (G×E×M) interactions on CC-provided ESs is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify research gaps concerning G×E×M interactions in cover crop (CC) research.
• To propose strategies for maximizing ESs and minimizing ecosystem disservices from CCs.
• To advocate for a paradigm shift in the definition, management, and utilization of CCs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review to identify existing research on CCs and ESs.
• Analysis of the influence of G×E×M interactions on CC performance.
• Synthesis of findings to propose future research directions.

Main Results:

• Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding how G×E×M interactions affect the ESs provided by CCs.
• Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing CC benefits and mitigating drawbacks.
• Current approaches to CCs may not fully leverage their potential for ecosystem services.

Conclusions:

• Further research is essential to elucidate the complex G×E×M interactions influencing CC functions.
• A shift in perspective is needed to better define, manage, and utilize CCs for enhanced ES delivery.
• Optimizing CCs through an understanding of G×E×M interactions can significantly advance sustainable agricultural practices and SDG achievement.