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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training
Published on: February 10, 2022
Cardiac surgery and congenital heart disease: reflections on a modern revolution
Joanna Catherine Ee-Sien Lim1, Martin John Elliott2, John Wallwork3
1Cardiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK joanna.lim@ouh.nhs.uk.
Abstract:
The success of cardiac surgery has transformed the prospects of children with congenital heart disease with over 90% now surviving to adulthood. The early pioneering surgeons took on significant risk, whilst current surgical practice emphasises safety and consistency. In this article we review important British contributions to the field and consider challenges for the future, specifically how to better manage and reduce the adverse sequelae of congenital cardiac surgery by continuing to innovate safely.
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