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Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics and Function.

Arijit Nath1, Pitam Chakrabarti2, Sushmita Sen2

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PubMed
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Oxidative stress (OS) in the gut regulates intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and regeneration. This review details how OS impacts ISC development, influenced by diet and microbiota, crucial for gut repair.

Keywords:
Gut MicrobiomeIntestinal Stem Cell (ISC)NutritionOxidative Stress (OS)ROS

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Gut epithelium renewal relies on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) within crypt niches.
  • Oxidative stress (OS) significantly influences ISC proliferation and development.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms linking OS to ISC turnover remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of OS generation in the gut and its role in ISC development and regeneration.
  • To explore the influence of intestinal nutritional status on OS and ISCs.
  • To highlight recent findings and novel approaches for understanding ISC regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on OS and ISC biology.
  • Analysis of factors modulating OS, including diet, microbiota, and immune cells.
  • Discussion of cellular signaling pathways involved in OS-driven ISC regulation.

Main Results:

  • OS is a key regulator of ISC proliferation, differentiation, and gut regeneration.
  • Intestinal nutritional status and gut microbiota composition modulate OS levels, impacting ISCs.
  • Cross-talk between microbiota, immune cells, and diet influences OS and ISC fate.

Conclusions:

  • OS plays a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis through ISC regulation.
  • Understanding OS-mediated pathways is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for gut diseases.
  • Diet and microbiota represent key modulators of OS and ISC function, offering therapeutic targets.