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Peak-time sensitivity kernels for noise cross-correlation envelopes.

Bruce D Cornuelle¹, Emmanuel K Skarsoulis²

¹Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0230, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|April 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how underwater sound-speed changes affect acoustic signal arrival times. Understanding this sensitivity helps map ocean structures using ambient noise, even with varied sound sources.

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Area of Science:

Oceanography
Acoustics
Geophysics

Background:

The time-lagged cross-correlation envelope of underwater noise can serve as a proxy for active acoustic receptions.
Prior research focused on noise source distribution's impact on cross-correlation peak amplitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sensitivity of cross-correlation envelope peak times to variations in underwater sound-speed distribution.
To develop methods for inferring ocean structure from acoustic observables.

Main Methods:

Utilized a wave-theoretic scheme for finite-frequency calculations in 2D and 3D.
Applied the Born approximation for Green's function perturbations and the peak arrival approach.
Derived sensitivity kernels relating sound-speed changes to cross-correlation peak times.

Main Results:

Quantified the sensitivity of cross-correlation envelope peak times to sound-speed perturbations.
Demonstrated the utility of sensitivity kernels for inferring ocean structure.
Analyzed sensitivity under diverse propagation conditions and noise source distributions (distributed, point sources).

Conclusions:

Cross-correlation envelope peak times are sensitive to sound-speed variations, offering a new avenue for ocean acoustic tomography.
The derived sensitivity kernels are valuable tools for ocean structure inference, even when the cross-correlation does not perfectly mimic the Green's function.
The findings are robust across different noise field characteristics and propagation scenarios.