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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
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miR-1908 Dysregulation in Human Cancers.

Jinze Shen1, Yuchen Wu2, Wenjing Ruan3

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 25, 2022
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MicroRNA-1908 (miR-1908), found within the FADS1 gene, shows abnormal expression in various cancers. Its dysregulation impacts cell processes and cancer prognosis, offering potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNA-1908 (miR-1908) is encoded within the intron of the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene.
  • Aberrant miR-1908 expression is observed in numerous diseases, particularly various cancers.
  • miR-1908 plays a role in fundamental biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the aberrant expression patterns of miR-1908 across diverse diseases.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating miR-1908 expression.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of miR-1908 in cancer prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on miR-1908.
  • Analysis of miR-1908's regulatory network, including upstream factors and downstream targets.
  • Compilation of data on miR-1908 expression in different cancer types and its correlation with patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • miR-1908 targets at least 27 genes by binding to their 3' UTR, influencing critical cellular functions.
  • Expression of miR-1908 is modulated by various factors, including lncRNA HOTTIP, adipokines, transcription factors (NF-κB, STAT1, RB1, IRF1), free fatty acids, cholesterol, SCD1, growth hormone, and drugs like sodium valproate and OSW-1.
  • Dysregulated miR-1908 is linked to the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, glioma, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, and osteosarcoma.

Conclusions:

  • miR-1908 is a significant regulator of cellular processes and a potential biomarker in multiple cancers.
  • Understanding the complex regulatory network of miR-1908 provides insights into its role in disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into miR-1908 mechanisms and its modulation holds promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in oncology.