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Advances in Citrus Flowering: A Review.

M Agustí1, C Reig1, A Martínez-Fuentes1

  • 1Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Citrus flowering is influenced by temperature, water stress, and fruit load, involving key genes in buds and leaves. Gibberellin treatments manage flowering in citrus trees.

Keywords:
Citruscarbohydratesfloral differentiationfloral inductionflowering genesjuvenilityplant hormones

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Horticulture
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Citrus species are polycarpic and evergreen, flowering based on genotype and climate.
  • Floral induction requires low temperatures and water deficit, preceding bud sprouting and differentiation.
  • Fruit presence inhibits nearby bud sprouting, leading to alternate bearing in some citrus cultivars.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the citrus flowering process.
  • To synthesize research on citrus flowering over the past half-century.
  • To highlight advances in molecular biology and gene regulation in citrus flowering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and recent research on citrus flowering.
  • Analysis of factors influencing floral induction and differentiation (temperature, water stress, fruit load).
  • Examination of key flowering genes (e.g., CiFT3, CcMADS19, CsLFY, CsTFL1) and their roles.
  • Discussion of horticultural techniques, including gibberellin treatments.

Main Results:

  • Flowering is regulated by environmental cues and internal factors like fruit dominance and plant age.
  • Key genes in leaves and buds control flowering time and meristem identity.
  • Gibberellin treatments can modify gene expression to control bud sprouting and flowering.
  • Research has evolved from plant growth regulators to molecular mechanisms and gene transformation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding citrus flowering mechanisms is crucial for horticultural management.
  • Molecular biology tools have significantly advanced the study of citrus reproductive processes.
  • Future research directions include further exploration of gene transcription and plant transformation for improved citrus cultivation.