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01:31ABC Transporters: Exporter
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Introducing an Austrian backpack in Spain.
João Brogueira de Sousa1, Julián Díaz-Saavedra2, Ramon Marimon3,4
1Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Series : Journal of the Spanish Economic Association
|April 25, 2022
Summary
Introducing an employment fund, or "backpack," can significantly boost economic efficiency and social welfare by complementing existing pension and unemployment insurance systems. This individual savings mechanism offers substantial welfare gains, particularly in a closed economy model.
Area of Science:
- Economics
- Public Finance
- Labor Economics
Background:
- Incomplete insurance markets pose challenges to social welfare and production efficiency.
- Existing public insurance systems include pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pensions and unemployment insurance (UI).
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the impact of introducing an employment fund (backpack) on production efficiency and social welfare.
- To evaluate the welfare gains of a backpack system complementing PAYG and UI in Spain.
Main Methods:
- Calibrated dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents.
- Simulation of the Spanish economy in 2018 under open and closed economy assumptions.
- Analysis of a backpack employment fund financed by a payroll tax.
Main Results:
- A 6% backpack tax in an open economy model increases welfare by 0.96% of average consumption.
- In a closed economy model, a welfare-maximizing 18% backpack tax yields a substantially greater welfare gain of 16.14%.
- The option to convert backpack savings into an annuity upon retirement is a key driver of welfare gains.
Conclusions:
- An employment fund (backpack) can effectively enhance social welfare and production efficiency.
- The general equilibrium effects in a closed economy significantly amplify the benefits of a backpack system.
- Integrating backpack savings with retirement annuity options maximizes welfare improvements.