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Adaptive Evolution of the Fox Coronavirus Based on Genome-Wide Sequence Analysis
Chunyu Feng1, Yuting Liu1, Guangqi Lyu1
1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Biomed Research International
|April 25, 2022
Summary
The first complete fox coronavirus (CoV) genome sequence reveals adaptive evolution. This study provides insights into the conservation and adaptation of fox CoV, aiding in understanding viral survival and environmental adaptation.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Evolution
Background:
- Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a significant group of viruses with diverse hosts.
- Fox coronaviruses (CoVs) have not been fully sequenced, limiting understanding of their evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To obtain the first complete genome sequence of fox CoV.
- To investigate the adaptive evolution of fox CoV.
Main Methods:
- Genome-wide amplifications were used to sequence CoV from fox anal swab samples.
- Phylogenetic analysis (MrBayes), recombination assessment (GARD), and selection pressure analysis (PAML, Data Monkey) were performed.
Main Results:
- Complete genome sequences were obtained from two positive samples.
- Phylogenetic analysis showed fox CoV clustering with canine coronavirus (CCoV).
- Selection pressure analysis identified positively selected sites in M, N, S, and 7B genes, and negatively selected sites in M, N, and S genes.
Conclusions:
- The complete fox CoV genome sequence was determined for the first time.
- Fox CoV genome sequences may have undergone adaptive evolution in replication, entry, and virulence genes.
- While most sites are conserved, positive selection at specific sites suggests adaptation to new environments.
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