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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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Understanding Sleep01:11

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Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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Biopsychology serves as a vital bridge connecting the intricate domains of biology and psychology, shedding light on how biological systems influence psychological phenomena. This field scrutinizes the biological substrates of behavior and mental processes, emphasizing the nervous system along with the roles of neurotransmitters, hormones, and genetics. It also incorporates evolutionary perspectives to explain the adaptive nature of mental functions.
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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Complex bio rhythms.

Akif Akgul1, Marcelo A Savi2, Mustafa Zahid Yildiz3

  • 1Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 Corum, Turkey.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex biorhythms are found across many scientific fields. This collection explores their dynamics in cardiac, COVID-19, neural, and cellular systems, offering a comprehensive overview for future research.

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Area of Science:

  • Multidisciplinary science exploring complex biorhythms.
  • Focus on dynamical systems and pattern analysis.

Background:

  • Biorhythms are prevalent across diverse scientific disciplines.
  • This Special Issue focuses on complex biorhythms.

Discussion:

  • Articles cover cardiac dynamics, COVID-19 spread, neural network activity, and cellular processes.
  • Includes general methods for analyzing complex dynamics.

Key Insights:

  • Provides a rich overview of current research on complex biorhythms.
  • Highlights the interdisciplinary nature of biorhythm studies.

Outlook:

  • Stimulates and inspires further research in the field of complex biorhythms.
  • Encourages novel approaches to understanding biological and other complex dynamics.