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Tim-3 Expression Causes NK Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Hui Wang1, Kangli Cao1, Siyu Liu1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) impairs natural killer (NK) cells, reducing their numbers and function. Increased Tim-3 expression on NK cells in T2DM patients correlates with disease severity and may explain heightened infection risk.

Keywords:
NK cellsTim-3apoptosisdysfunctiontype 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves hyperglycemia and inflammation, increasing infection susceptibility.
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for immunity against pathogens and tumors.
  • Altered NK cell function in T2DM is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate NK cell distribution and function in T2DM patients.
  • To compare NK cells from T2DM patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze surface receptor expression and cytokine production.
  • Peripheral blood NK cells from 90 T2DM patients and 62 controls were studied.

Main Results:

  • T2DM patients had lower NK cell frequency and numbers.
  • Increased Tim-3 and decreased NKG2D expression were observed on T2DM NK cells.
  • TNF-α secretion and degranulation capacity were reduced in T2DM NK cells, linked to Tim-3 expression.

Conclusions:

  • NK cell dysfunction, marked by elevated Tim-3, occurs in T2DM.
  • This dysfunction may contribute to increased cancer and infection risk in T2DM patients.
  • Targeting the Galectin-9/Tim-3 pathway could restore NK cell function.