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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Intraoperative Monitoring for Spinal Surgery
Nitin Agarwal1, Saman Shabani1, Jeremy Huang1
1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Abstract:
The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) can improve surgical outcomes. Although inclusion of IONM is considered standard practice in more complicated spine surgeries, there are no national-level guidelines for the usage of IONM in spine surgery. Technical advancement in IONM has increased both its sensitivity and specificity, and with a recently developed algorithmic checklist it can be more easily adopted by the surgical team in their practice.
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