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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
Published on: November 18, 2018
When Pulmonary Hypertension Complicates Heart Failure
Alberto-Maria Marra1, Nicola Benjamin2, Antonio Cittadini3
1IRCSS SDN, Via Gianturco 113, Naples I-80142, Italy.
Abstract:
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) often complicates chronic left-sided heart failure, with a remarkable impact on quality of life, exercise capacity, and survival. PH in chronic left-sided heart failure (PH-LHD) is not only caused by backward transmission of pressures but also involves impairment of atrial function, inflammation, and vasoconstriction. Once the left atrium loses its reservoir capacity, usually pulmonary vascular resistances increase. Right atrial dilation commonly represents the first sign of PH-LHD, before right ventricle dilatation and systolic dysfunction develop, leading to right heart insufficiency, and ultimately, right heart failure.
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