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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Intra-Peritoneal Transplantation for Generating Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Mice
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Extramedullary Acute Leukemia-Still an Unforeseen Presentation.

Dina Rochate1, Carolina Pavão1, Rui Amaral1

  • 1Divino Espírito Santo's Hospital, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.

Hematology Reports
|April 25, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details a rare presentation of extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at initial diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry proved crucial for diagnosing this challenging myeloid sarcoma case.

Keywords:
acute myeloid leukemiaextramedullary tumorleukemia cutismyeloid sarcoma

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Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are uncommon extramedullary tumors often associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • MS typically manifest during or after AML diagnosis, rarely preceding it.
  • Common sites include lymph nodes, skin, bone, and soft tissues.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old male presented with extramedullary AML at initial diagnosis.
  • The leukemia involved the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and skin (leukemia cutis).
  • The presentation posed a diagnostic challenge due to atypical sites of involvement.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis was confirmed using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  • IHC is vital for diagnosing extramedullary AML, especially in atypical presentations.
  • The case underscores the importance of IHC in identifying myeloid sarcomas.

Implications:

  • Highlights diagnostic challenges in extramedullary AML.
  • Emphasizes the critical role of immunohistochemistry in accurate diagnosis.
  • Discusses potential therapeutic options like hypomethylating agents and Venetoclax for non-transplant-eligible patients.