Epidemiological Aspects Of Allergic Conjunctivitis.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Allergology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular condition impacting vision and quality of life.
• Untreated allergic conjunctivitis can lead to serious corneal complications and vision impairment.
• Understanding epidemiological aspects is key for effective management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis.
• To identify the most common types and risk factors associated with allergic conjunctivitis.
• To assess the prevalence of corneal involvement and its impact on visual function.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 236 patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis.
• Data collected via questionnaires, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and skin prick tests (SPT).
• Statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 23.0 to determine associations and prevalence.

Main Results:

• The study population had a mean age of 22.71±13.11 years, with 60.2% females.
• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) was the most frequent type (46.2%), followed by perennial (27.1%), seasonal (17.4%), and atopic (9.3%).
• Significant associations were found between conjunctivitis type and age (p<0.001) and gender (p=0.000). VKC was more common in males under 20, while perennial conjunctivitis was more prevalent in females. Corneal involvement occurred in 17.8% of patients, significantly associated with visual interference (p=0.034). SPT was positive in 79.7%.

Conclusions:

• Allergic conjunctivitis is more common in females, but VKC predominantly affects males under 20.
• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is the most prevalent subtype.
• Allergic rhinitis and dermatitis are common comorbidities, highlighting the systemic nature of atopy.