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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Surface versus Bulk Currents and Ionic Space-Charge Effects in CsPbBr3 Single Crystals.

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Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) single crystals show promise for radiation detectors. This study reveals ionic space-charge-limited current as a key operational mode, impacting device stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Device Physics

Background:

  • Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) single crystals possess excellent optoelectronic properties for ionizing-radiation detection.
  • However, their mixed ionic-electronic conductivity leads to instability and hysteresis, limiting device longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To electrically characterize CsPbBr3 single crystals over extended operational periods (hours).
  • To elucidate the transport mechanisms, including bulk and surface contributions, and their impact on device performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fast time-of-flight measurements to determine bulk mobilities.
  • Guard ring (GR) configuration to differentiate bulk and surface transport.
  • Current transients and impedance spectroscopy to analyze space-charge-limited current (SCLC) regimes.

Main Results:

  • Bulk mobilities of 13-26 cm2 V-1 s-1 were measured, exhibiting negative voltage bias dependency.
  • Significant differences in transport properties were observed between bulk and surface regions using the GR method.
  • Evidence suggests Poole-Frenkel-like mechanisms and ionic-SCLC as dominant transport modes.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic-SCLC appears to be a critical operational mode in CsPbBr3 devices, even when ionic contributions seem minimal.
  • Understanding these transport mechanisms is crucial for mitigating instability and improving long-term device operation in radiation detectors.