Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

224
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
224
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

335
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
335
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

182
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
182
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

457
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
457
Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

139
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
139
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

175
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
175

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prefrontal and Cerebellar Contributions to Semantic Memory Retrieval.

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

The impact of distractor processing on semantic memory retrieval: The role of interference-by-process and inhibition.

Cognition·2025
Same author

Correction to: Executive functioning moderates the decline of retrieval fuency in time.

Psychological research·2024
Same author

Measuring semantic memory using associative and dissociative retrieval tasks.

Royal Society open science·2024
Same author

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellum facilitates automatic but not controlled word retrieval.

Brain structure & function·2023
Same author

Fear of heights shapes postural responses to vibration-induced balance perturbation at virtual height.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

13.8K

Executive functioning moderates the decline of retrieval fluency in time.

Drahomír Michalko1, Martin Marko1,2, Igor Riečanský3,4,5

  • 1Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Psychological Research
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) tasks involve both automatic and controlled memory retrieval. Retrieval slowing over time is linked to executive control and working memory, especially in demanding tasks.

More Related Videos

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
04:30

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

5.7K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

13.8K
An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
04:30

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

5.7K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Theoretical accounts suggest uniform engagement of automatic and controlled processes in semantic verbal fluency (SVF) tasks.
  • An alternative proposal posits a shift from rapid automatic retrieval to slower, executive-demanding retrieval over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic interplay of automatic and controlled processes during SVF task performance.
  • To examine how task demand and individual differences in executive function influence semantic retrieval dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-five healthy adults performed low- and high-demand SVF tasks.
  • Measures included retrieval rate, response typicality, inter-response similarity, and executive functioning.
  • Analysis focused on time-dependent changes in retrieval and their relation to executive control and working memory.

Main Results:

  • Decreased fluency over time correlated with lower response typicality and weaker semantic similarity.
  • Time-dependent retrieval slowing was more pronounced in individuals with poorer interference control, particularly in high-demand tasks.
  • Steeper retrieval slowing was associated with reduced working memory capacity.

Conclusions:

  • The relative contribution of automatic and controlled semantic retrieval shifts with associative sparsity and task demands.
  • Findings challenge uniform process engagement models and highlight the dynamic nature of semantic retrieval.
  • SVF tasks' sensitivity to executive control has implications for clinical assessments of cognitive function.