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This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored cognitive profiles in autistic traits, empathy, and systemizing among transgender and cisgender individuals. Transgender women assigned female at birth showed higher autistic traits and systemizing, aligning with the Extreme Male Brain theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Research suggests a link between autism and transgender/gender-diverse identities.
  • The Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory posits distinct cognitive profiles based on gender and autism.
  • Limited research has explored these cognitive profiles in diverse gender identities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autistic traits, empathy, and systemizing in a diverse sample of gender-diverse and cisgender adults.
  • To test whether gender-diverse individuals exhibit cognitive profiles consistent with EMB theory predictions.
  • To examine differences in cognitive profiles between transgender AFAB, transgender AMAB, cisgender female, and cisgender male groups.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 89 adults from UK LGBTQ+ organizations and social media.
  • Assessed autistic traits (AQ), empathy (EQ-S), and systemizing (SQ-S).
  • Categorized participants into four groups: transgender AFAB, cisgender female, transgender AMAB, and cisgender male.

Main Results:

  • Transgender AFAB individuals had higher autistic traits (AQ) and systemizing scores (SQ-S) compared to cisgender females, after controlling for age and autism status.
  • Transgender AFAB individuals also showed higher systemizing-relative-to-empathizing (D) scores.
  • No significant cognitive differences were found between transgender AMAB and cisgender male groups.

Conclusions:

  • Findings align with EMB theory predictions, particularly for transgender AFAB individuals.
  • The observed cognitive profile in transgender AFAB individuals may relate to gender identity, sexual orientation, or both.
  • Further research is needed to disentangle the specific contributions of gender identity and sexual orientation.