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    This study introduces a 3-D maneuver controller for nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs), enhancing formation control with nonholonomic constraints and control saturation for practical applications. The controller ensures natural tracking by aligning agent headings with the reference trajectory.

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    Area of Science:

    • Robotics
    • Control Systems
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Multiagent systems (MASs) are crucial for complex tasks but face challenges with nonholonomic constraints and control limitations.
    • Existing controllers often lack flexibility for diverse formation maneuvers and practical input bounds.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel 3-D maneuver controller for nonlinear MASs with nonholonomic constraints and control saturation.
    • To enhance the efficiency and flexibility of formation control in MASs for general maneuver tasks.
    • To ensure practical applicability by incorporating control input bounds and natural heading alignment.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a distributed controller under a specific communication topology.
    • Incorporation of nonholonomic constraints and control saturation into the controller design.
    • Consideration of agent heading angles for natural trajectory tracking.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed controller is flexible and efficient for various formation maneuver tasks.
    • Control saturation ensures practical applicability by bounding control inputs.
    • The controller achieves natural tracking motion, aligning formation heading with the reference trajectory.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 3-D maneuver controller effectively addresses challenges in nonlinear MASs.
    • Simulation results validate the controller's competence for diverse MAS maneuver tasks.
    • The controller offers a practical and efficient solution for formation control in MASs.