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Augmented Reality-Based Surgery on the Human Cadaver Using a New Generation of Optical Head-Mounted Displays:

Behrus Puladi1,2, Mark Ooms1, Martin Bellgardt3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

JMIR Serious Games
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an open-source augmented reality (AR) system for cadaver surgery, proving its feasibility and utility for surgical training and future clinical trials. The AR system enhanced spatial perception with visual and auditory feedback.

Keywords:
ARHoloLensaugmented realitycadavercomputer-assisted surgerydigital health in surgeryhead-mounted displaymedical regulationopen-sourceoptical see-through head-mounted displayserious gamesurgeonsurgerysurgical navigationsurgical techniquesurgical training

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Technology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Digital health applications are underutilized in surgery, despite surgery addressing a significant global disease burden.
  • Augmented reality (AR) with optical-see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) offers potential for integrating digital health into surgical practice.
  • Cadaver studies are crucial for initial performance validation of new surgical technologies due to regulatory requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an open-source augmented reality (AR) system for surgical procedures on human cadavers.
  • To utilize freely available technologies for AR-based surgical applications.
  • To provide initial evidence for AR-assisted surgery in a cadaver model.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and tested an AR system using Microsoft HoloLens for repositioning fractured zygomatic arches on cadavers.
  • Provided investigators with integrated visual and auditory feedback during the AR-guided procedure.
  • Verified surgical outcomes with postoperative imaging and blinded assessment by two investigators.

Main Results:

  • The AR system's development and implementation in a cadaver study were feasible.
  • Investigators found the AR system beneficial for spatial perception, enhanced by combined visual and auditory feedback.
  • The surgical endpoint was successfully determined both metrically and through assessment.

Conclusions:

  • An AR-based surgical system using open-source technologies and OST-HMDs is feasible for cadaveric interventions.
  • Cadaver studies serve as a suitable platform for evaluating OST-HMD-guided surgery, establishing data for clinical trials.
  • Accessible open-source AR systems can facilitate the translation of digital health innovations into operating room applications via cadaver studies.