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Recruitment: A Problem of Entangled Temporal Parts.

Gustavo Caetano-Anollés1, M Fayez Aziz1, Fizza Mughal1

  • 1Department of Crop Sciences and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|April 25, 2022
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Summary

Biological systems persist through recruitment, balancing reuse, innovation, and stasis. This process shapes everything from metabolic networks to viral evolution, revealing a 4D view of life.

Keywords:
Evolutionendurantismgene ontologyhierarchical modularityhorizontal exchangemetabolic networksmolecular evolutionmolecular functionsoriginperdurantismpersistenceproteomeribosome

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Recruitment is fundamental for generating novelty and maintaining biological identity over time.
  • Understanding biological persistence requires examining identity and change across various timescales.
  • Examples range from molecular networks to the emergence of viral variants of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of recruitment in biological systems across different temporal scales.
  • To define biological persistence through matter-energy and information fluxes.
  • To present a theoretical framework for understanding biological identity, change, and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of metabolic networks, protein domain composition, and the functionome.
  • Phylogenomic inference of chronologies and evolving networks.
  • Application of a 'triangle of persistence' model and a biphasic (bow-tie) module generation theory.
  • Elaboration of an entanglement theory using holographic principles.

Main Results:

  • Recruitment drives novelty and persistence, illustrated across diverse biological scales.
  • A 'triangle of persistence' framework highlights trade-offs between economy, flexibility, and robustness.
  • A 4D 'worm' view of biology emerges, integrating historical and atemporal perspectives.
  • Ribosome evolution exemplifies recruitment and diversification dynamics, modeled by biphasic module generation.
  • Entanglement theory suggests interactions contribute to biological system complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Recruitment is a unifying principle for biological novelty and persistence.
  • A processual, 4D perspective is crucial for understanding biological systems.
  • Interactions and modularity play key roles in the structure and evolution of life.