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A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Nanobody-based CAR-T cells for cancer immunotherapy.

Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani¹, Abdolhossein Naseri², Seyed Mohamad Javad Mirarefin³

¹Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

Biomarker Research

|April 26, 2022

Summary

Nanobodies offer a promising alternative to traditional antibody fragments in CAR-T therapy, demonstrating comparable efficacy in preclinical and clinical settings for treating hematological cancers.

Keywords:

Adoptive cell therapy Cancer immunotherapy Chimeric antigen receptor Hematologic malignancy Nanobody Single-chain fragment variable Solid tumors VHH

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biotechnology
Oncology

Background:

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy merges genetic engineering and adoptive cell therapy for cancer treatment.
CAR-T therapy has shown significant success in treating hematological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the advantages and disadvantages of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) and nanobody domains in CAR-T therapy.
To review nanobody-based CAR-T cell applications for targeting various cancer antigens.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on CAR-T therapy, scFvs, and nanobodies.
Analysis of preclinical and clinical data comparing scFv-based and nanobody-based CAR-Ts.
Identification of CAR target antigens utilized in nanobody-based CAR-T strategies.

Main Results:

Nanobodies offer benefits such as small size, stability, specificity, high affinity, and ease of development for CAR targeting domains.
Nanobody-based CAR-T cells exhibit comparable functionality to scFv-based CAR-T cells.
Various malignancies have been targeted using nanobody-based CAR-T cells.

Conclusions:

Nanobodies represent a viable and effective alternative to scFvs as antigen-targeting domains in CAR-T therapy.
Further exploration of nanobody-based CAR-T cells holds potential for expanding cancer treatment options.