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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

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The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines01:15

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Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
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Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
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Pediatric Drug Allergy.

Connor Prosty1, Ana M Copaescu2, Sofianne Gabrielli3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|April 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric drug allergies affect 10% of children, but most reported cases lack confirmation. Direct ingestion challenges are effective for diagnosing non-severe penicillin reactions in children.

Keywords:
AllergyAntibioticChildrenDrugHypersensitivityNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugPediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Drug allergies are frequently reported in children, impacting health and healthcare costs.
  • A significant gap exists between reported drug allergies and those confirmed by diagnostic testing.
  • Traditional allergy testing methods include skin prick and intradermal tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of common pediatric drug allergies.
  • To discuss the role of direct drug challenges in diagnosing penicillin allergies in children.
  • To cover severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pediatric drug allergies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic strategies, including skin testing and oral challenges.
  • Review of management protocols for antibiotic and NSAID allergies.
  • Examination of severe cutaneous adverse reactions in children.

Main Results:

  • Only a small fraction of reported pediatric drug allergies are confirmed through diagnostic workup.
  • Direct oral challenges are increasingly recognized as a safe and effective method for diagnosing non-severe penicillin allergies in children.
  • Antibiotics and NSAIDs are primary causes of drug allergies in pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of pediatric drug allergies is crucial for appropriate management and reducing healthcare burden.
  • Oral drug challenges offer a valuable diagnostic tool for specific pediatric drug allergy scenarios.
  • Comprehensive understanding of pediatric drug allergies, including severe reactions, is essential for clinical practice.