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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Diversity of Protists III01:27

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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Primary Production01:06

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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The Fossil Record02:56

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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading
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Struggle for phosphorus and the Devonian overturn.

Petr Kraft1, Michal Mergl2

  • 1Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|April 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Decreasing ocean phosphorus levels impacted marine life, causing a shift from external shells to vertebrate skeletons. This phosphorus cycle change influenced major evolutionary events like the Cambrian explosion and Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

Keywords:
DevonianGOBEphosphatephosphorus cycleshells

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Marine Biology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Organisms with external phosphatic shells were abundant in the Early Paleozoic but declined by the end.
  • Decreasing oceanic phosphorus availability is hypothesized as the cause of this decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the role of phosphorus cycle changes in major marine evolutionary events.
  • To understand the shift in marine faunal structure towards the Modern Evolutionary Fauna.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fossil records and geochemical proxies.
  • Reconstruction of phosphorus cycling throughout the Paleozoic era.

Main Results:

  • Phosphorus cycle disruptions correlate with the Cambrian explosion, Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), and Devonian nekton revolution.
  • Vertebrate adaptation to phosphorus use during the Devonian shifted the phosphorus pool from benthic shells to pelagic vertebrate skeletons.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in oceanic phosphorus availability significantly influenced marine organism evolution and diversification.
  • The shift in phosphorus utilization by vertebrates fundamentally altered marine ecosystem structure, leading to modern patterns.