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Implications of microvascular dysfunction and nitric oxide mediated inflammation in severe COVID-19 infection

Vinay P Jani1, Carlos J Munoz1, Krianthan Govender1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|April 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Severe COVID-19 is a microvascular disease impacting multiple organs. This review explores the mechanisms behind endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction and nitric oxide in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Infectious Disease
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Severe COVID-19 infection causes significant mortality, affecting over 1.5 million globally.
  • The disease manifests as a microvascular issue, impacting pulmonary, cardiac, and renal systems.
  • Microvascular dysfunction is a key prognostic indicator for severe COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanistic basis of severe COVID-19 as a microvascular disease.
  • To emphasize the role of endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • To explore nitric oxide mediated pathways in severe COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations related to microvascular complications.
  • Mechanistic investigation of endothelial glycocalyx and nitric oxide signaling.

Main Results:

  • Severe COVID-19 exhibits systemic microvascular complications beyond the pulmonary system.
  • Endothelial glycocalyx damage is a critical factor in severe COVID-19.
  • Nitric oxide dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Severe COVID-19 is fundamentally a vascular disease with systemic consequences.
  • Targeting microvascular dysfunction and associated pathways may offer therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into endothelial glycocalyx and nitric oxide is crucial for understanding and treating severe COVID-19.
Keywords:
COVID-19Cardiovascular diseaseEndothelial glycocalyxMicrocirculationNitric oxide

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