Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
Published on: September 22, 2023
Current insight into treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: Phenotypes, endotypes, and implications for targeted
Nikita Chapurin1, Jeffanie Wu1, Alex B Labby1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn.
Abstract:
Chronic rhinosinusitis is characterized by persistent locoregional mucosal inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and upper airway that has substantial associated health care costs. Personalized approaches to care that incorporate use of molecular biomarkers, phenotypes, and inflammatory endotypes is a major focus of research at this time, and the concurrent rise of targeted therapeutics and biologic therapies has the potential to rapidly advance care and improve outcomes. Recent findings suggest that improved understanding of chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypic and endotypic heterogeneity, and incorporation of these characteristics into clinical care pathways, may facilitate more effective selection of surgical and/or therapeutic interventions. Ultimately, these personalized approaches have the potential to target specific inflammatory pathways, increase efficacy, reduce costs, and limit side effects. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification and characterization of chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers and reviews potential implications for targeted therapeutics.
Related Concept Videos
Chronic Pharyngitis
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Cystic Fibrosis: Management
Sinus disease and chronic...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

