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Exercise training-induced hypervolemia in the horse.

K H McKeever, W A Schurg, S H Jarrett

    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Endurance exercise training in horses leads to increased plasma volume (hypervolemia). This adaptation is primarily driven by renal mechanisms reabsorbing urea and other solutes, not sodium, and results in reduced urine output.

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    Area of Science:

    • Equine physiology
    • Exercise physiology
    • Renal physiology

    Background:

    • Endurance exercise training is known to induce physiological adaptations in horses.
    • Hypervolemia, an increase in plasma volume, is a common adaptation to training in many species.
    • The specific renal mechanisms responsible for training-induced hypervolemia in horses require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether chronic hypervolemia occurs in horses following endurance exercise training.
    • To explore the renal and hormonal adaptations associated with training-induced hypervolemia in equine subjects.

    Main Methods:

    • Six inactive horses underwent a 5-week training program, including treadmill exercise and lunging.
    • Measurements included plasma volume, daily water intake, 24-hour urine output, glomerular filtration rate, and various solute clearances.

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  • Hormonal levels (aldosterone, arginine vasopressin) and plasma electrolyte concentrations were also assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant increase in plasma volume (29.1%) was observed post-training.
    • Daily water intake remained unchanged, but 24-hour urine output decreased significantly (-24.5%).
    • Renal function showed decreased urea, potassium, and osmotic clearance, but increased free water clearance; glomerular filtration rate and sodium clearance were unaltered. Plasma potassium decreased, while aldosterone and vasopressin levels did not change.

    Conclusions:

    • Endurance exercise training induces hypervolemia in horses.
    • Renal mechanisms involving urea and non-sodium solute reabsorption are key to this adaptation.
    • These findings highlight the role of specific renal control pathways in equine cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training.