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Tea polyphenols alleviate the adverse effects of diabetes on oocyte quality

Jun Lu1, Shu-Xian Zhao1, Man-Yu Zhang1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China. gejdssd313@163.com.

Food & Function
|April 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Maternal diabetes harms egg quality. Green tea polyphenols improved egg maturation rates, reduced defects, and decreased oxidative stress in diabetic mice, suggesting a protective role for polyphenols.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutraceuticals

Background:

  • Maternal diabetes mellitus negatively impacts oocyte quality, leading to spindle and chromosome abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Restoring oocyte quality in diabetic pregnancies is crucial for reproductive health.
  • Tea polyphenols, abundant in green tea, possess antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of tea polyphenols on the maturation of oocytes from diabetic mice in vitro.
  • To determine if tea polyphenols can alleviate diabetes-induced oocyte quality decline.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro maturation of oocytes from diabetic and control mice.
  • Assessment of oocyte maturation rate, spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation.
  • Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
  • Analysis of antioxidant and mitochondrial gene expression (Sod1, Sod2, Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Drp1).
  • Evaluation of DNA damage and repair gene expression (Rad51).

Main Results:

  • Diabetic oocytes showed lower maturation rates and higher frequencies of spindle/chromosome defects compared to controls.
  • Tea polyphenols significantly improved oocyte maturation rates and reduced spindle/chromosome abnormalities.
  • Tea polyphenols decreased ROS levels and increased antioxidant gene expression (Sod1, Sod2) in diabetic oocytes.
  • Mitochondrial function and dynamics improved with tea polyphenol treatment, evidenced by increased expression of fusion/fission genes.
  • DNA damage was reduced in diabetic oocytes treated with tea polyphenols, potentially via enhanced Rad51 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Tea polyphenols can partially restore oocyte quality compromised by maternal diabetes mellitus.
  • The protective effects involve reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function, and mitigating DNA damage.
  • These findings highlight the potential of tea polyphenols as a therapeutic strategy for improving fertility in diabetic individuals.

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