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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow01:24

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The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
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The Power Flow Problem and Solution01:26

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Power flow problem analysis is fundamental for determining real and reactive power flows in network components, such as transmission lines, transformers, and loads. The power system's single-line diagram provides data on the bus, transmission line, and transformer. Each bus k in the system is characterized by four key variables: voltage magnitude Vk​, phase angle δk​, real power Pk​, and reactive power Qk​. Two of these four variables are inputs, while the...
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Underflow Gates01:30

Underflow Gates

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Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
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Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume01:14

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Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
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Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability01:23

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The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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Optimizing cropping pattern to improve the performance of irrigation network using system dynamics-Powell algorithm.

Saeed Azadi1, Hamed Nozari2, Behzad Ghanbarian3

  • 1Department of Water Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|April 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing cropping patterns in irrigation networks improves agricultural productivity and economic benefits. This study developed a model to balance crop profitability with environmental concerns like water salinity and discharge.

Keywords:
Crop yieldCropping patternEconomic profitabilityIrrigation networkModelingVENSIM software

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Water Resource Management
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Efficient irrigation and drainage networks are crucial for agricultural development and economic benefits.
  • Quantitative and qualitative assessments of drainage water are essential for effective water management.
  • Cropping pattern optimization is key to maximizing productivity and minimizing environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a system dynamics model for simulating cropping patterns, drainage discharge, and salinity.
  • To optimize the economic profitability of cultivated crops using the Powell algorithm, considering water salinity and discharge.
  • To achieve simultaneous economic and environmental goals in cropping pattern selection for the Kosar irrigation and drainage network.

Main Methods:

  • System dynamics modeling to simulate irrigation and drainage network behavior.
  • Powell algorithm application for optimizing crop economic profitability.
  • Scenario analysis over five years to evaluate different cropping patterns and environmental impacts.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately simulates and optimizes irrigation networks and cropping patterns, validated against experimental data.
  • Watermelon production is identified as economically unviable and environmentally detrimental due to high costs, water use, and low prices.
  • Wheat, grain maize, silage maize, sorghum, and alfalfa are found to be suitable crops under various scenarios, balancing economic and environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides an accurate tool for simulating and optimizing irrigation and drainage networks.
  • Integrated economic and environmental considerations are vital for sustainable agricultural development and water resource management.
  • Strategic cropping pattern selection can significantly enhance the benefit-cost ratio and reduce the environmental footprint of irrigation networks.