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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies
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Real-World Study of Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes Among Patients with KRAS p.G12C-Mutated or Other KRAS

Marwan Fakih1, Huakang Tu2, Hil Hsu2

  • 1City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.

The Oncologist
|April 26, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Patients with KRAS G12C-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) face poorer outcomes. This study highlights an unmet need for targeted therapies in this patient group.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • KRAS p.G12C mutation is a recent actionable drug target.
  • Understanding KRAS p.G12C in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is crucial.
  • This study analyzes clinicopathologic features, treatments, and survival for KRAS G12C and KRAS non-G12C mCRC patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize KRAS p.G12C-mutant mCRC.
  • To compare treatment patterns and outcomes between KRAS G12C and KRAS non-G12C mCRC.
  • To evaluate the prognostic implications of KRAS p.G12C mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a de-identified US clinical genomic database.
  • Inclusion of mCRC patients diagnosed between January 1, 2011, and March 31, 2020.
  • Assessment of clinical and tumor characteristics, treatments, genomic profiles, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 3.7% of 6477 mCRC patients had KRAS G12C mutations.
  • Treatment patterns were similar across lines of therapy for KRAS G12C and KRAS non-G12C cohorts.
  • Median overall survival (OS) and real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) were numerically worse for KRAS G12C patients.

Conclusions:

  • KRAS p.G12C-mutant mCRC patients exhibit poor treatment outcomes.
  • Outcomes for KRAS p.G12C mCRC appear worse than for non-G12C mCRC.
  • KRAS p.G12C mutations may have prognostic implications, indicating an unmet medical need.
Keywords:
KRAS p.G12Cmetastatic colorectal cancerretrospective

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