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Father involvement and early child development in a low-resource setting.

Italo Lopez Garcia1, Lia C H Fernald2, Frances E Aboud3

  • 1RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|April 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Father involvement in child development matters, especially through supporting mothers. Positive father-mother interactions, not direct engagement, significantly boost child development in low-resource settings.

Keywords:
Early childhood development (ECD)Father involvementParenting interventionRural western Kenya

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Family Studies
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists on father involvement in child development in low-resource settings.
  • Past research often relied solely on maternal reports of fathers' direct engagement.
  • Fathers may influence child development indirectly through positive interactions with mothers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore pathways through which fathers influence child development in rural Kenya.
  • To examine the impact of father involvement on child cognitive and language development.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a responsive parenting intervention involving fathers.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected from 681 two-parent households in a cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Kenya.
  • Fathers reported on behaviors towards children and mothers; mothers reported on wellbeing and behaviors.
  • Child cognitive and language development assessed using the Bayley Scales.

Main Results:

  • Greater father support to mothers and shared decision-making positively associated with child development.
  • These associations were partially mediated by maternal wellbeing and behaviors.
  • No association found between fathers' direct engagement and child outcomes; intervention had no impact.

Conclusions:

  • Intrahousehold dynamics, particularly father-mother support, are crucial for child development in low-resource settings.
  • Parenting interventions should consider indirect pathways of father involvement.
  • Involving fathers in interventions presents challenges, including low attendance rates.