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Graphene plasmonic spatial light modulator for reconfigurable diffractive optical neural networks.

Huiying Zeng, Jichao Fan, Yibo Zhang

    Optics Express
    |April 27, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces reconfigurable Terahertz (THz) diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) using active graphene-plasmonics spatial light modulators (SLMs). These DONNs achieve high accuracy in image classification, paving the way for advanced THz imaging applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Artificial Intelligence

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) offer simultaneous image capture and classification.
    • Current DONNs primarily use passive components, limiting their functionality.
    • Reconfigurability via spatial light modulators (SLMs) is desired, but device requirements and implementation challenges are unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the use of an active reflective graphene-plasmonics-based SLM for reconfigurable THz DONNs.
    • To determine the necessary device specifications for achieving complex-valued modulation in THz DONNs.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility and performance of such reconfigurable THz DONNs.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an active reflective SLM utilizing graphene nanoribbons and a back reflector.

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  • Coupled plasmonic resonance with Fabry-Pérot (F-P) modes to achieve specific amplitude and phase modulation (π/2).
  • Constructed and tested reconfigurable reflective THz DONNs with the designed SLMs on the MNIST dataset.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a substantial π/2 phase modulation and minor amplitude modulation using the graphene-plasmonics SLM.
    • The developed reconfigurable THz DONNs demonstrated over 94.0% validation accuracy on the MNIST dataset.
    • Confirmed the effectiveness of complex-valued modulation for DONN reconfigurability.

    Conclusions:

    • Active reflective graphene-plasmonics SLMs enable effective reconfigurability in THz DONNs.
    • Relaxed SLM specification requirements can simplify design and enable diverse DONN functionalities.
    • This approach advances intelligent THz imaging and classification capabilities.