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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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Decomposition-based multiobjective optimization for multipass cell design aided by particle swarm optimization and

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    We developed a new method using K-means and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to design multipass cells (MPCs) for gas sensing. This optimization achieves long optical path lengths and high detection precision for environmental monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Environmental Science
    • Computational Science

    Background:

    • Multipass cells (MPCs) are crucial for enhancing sensitivity in gas sensing applications.
    • Traditional MPC design methods often struggle to optimize multiple performance objectives simultaneously.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an intelligent design method for two-spherical-mirror-based multipass cells (MPCs).
    • To optimize MPC configurations for both long optical path lengths (OPLs) and specific pattern requirements.
    • To enable simultaneous optimization of multiple design objectives for versatile MPC applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of the K-means clustering algorithm with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.
    • Development of a hybrid K-means-PSO approach for MPC design optimization.
    • Fabrication and experimental testing of a novel MPC with four concentric circle patterns.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a long optical path length (OPL) of 54.1 meters within a compact volume of 273.1 cm³.
    • Demonstrated a gas sensor with high stability and detection precision.
    • Realized continuous methane measurement in ambient air with 8 ppb precision and a 13-second averaging time.

    Conclusions:

    • The K-means-PSO algorithm effectively optimizes MPCs for multiple objectives, including OPL and pattern.
    • The developed method is suitable for designing versatile MPCs for diverse field applications.
    • This approach facilitates high-sensitivity measurements for pollution and greenhouse gas monitoring.