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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensing Technology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) is crucial for fiber optic sensing.
    • Enhancing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and measurement accuracy in BOTDR is an ongoing challenge.
    • Extending the sensing range of BOTDR while maintaining high spatial resolution is desirable.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate a random coding method for BOTDR fiber sensors.
    • To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and measurement accuracy of BOTDR systems.
    • To extend the sensing range of BOTDR without altering its conventional configuration.

    Main Methods:

    • A series of random code-modulated pulses are injected into the optical fiber.
    • The decoding principle and coding gain of the random coding method are analyzed and simulated.
    • The method is experimentally implemented and its performance impact on BOTDR is evaluated.

    Main Results:

    • The measured BFS uncertainty decreased from 5.34 MHz to 0.38 MHz over 4.93 km using 512-bit random coding pulses (10 mW peak power).
    • A coding gain of 11.93 dB was achieved with 512-bit random coding.
    • The sensing range extended from 4.93 km to 64.76 km (RMSE < 3 MHz) with 10 mW peak power and 2 m spatial resolution.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed random coding method effectively enhances BOTDR performance.
    • This method allows for extended sensing ranges and improved accuracy without hardware modification.
    • The technique offers a practical solution for long-range, high-resolution fiber optic sensing applications.