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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

X-ray Fourier transform holography with beam shaping optical elements.

C Pratsch, S Rehbein, S Werner

|April 27, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new X-ray holography setup using a diffractive optical element (DOE) for higher resolution 3D imaging. This method enables efficient nanoscale imaging of larger samples and can be used with free electron lasers for ultra-fast processes.

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Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

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Area of Science:

Optics
Imaging Science
Materials Science

Background:

Holography enables 3D imaging, with X-ray holography offering higher resolution than visible light.
Current X-ray holography uses inefficient nanoscale pinholes, limiting sample size and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel X-ray holography setup for improved resolution and sample size.
To overcome limitations of existing X-ray holography techniques.

Main Methods:

A new setup utilizing a binary diffractive optical element (DOE) was designed and implemented.
The DOE simultaneously generates object illumination and reference waves, located separately from the sample plane.
The setup was tested at an undulator beamline at BESSY II using an extended test sample.

Main Results:

Achieved a resolution of 90 nm (half-pitch) with the new X-ray holography setup.
The separate optic placement allowed for the investigation of larger sample areas.
Demonstrated the potential for nanoscale imaging of extended samples.

Conclusions:

The proposed DOE-based X-ray holography setup significantly enhances resolution and sample size capabilities.
This method is transferable to free electron laser sources for time-resolved nanoscale imaging.
The new setup opens avenues for studying ultra-fast processes with unprecedented detail.