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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Advanced Dual-Ion Batteries with High-Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus.

Jens Matthies Wrogemann¹, Lukas Haneke¹, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy²

¹MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 46, Münster, 48149, Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|April 27, 2022

Summary

Black phosphorus-carbon composite anodes boost dual-ion battery energy storage. This innovation enhances dual-graphite batteries, offering a promising path for advanced, high-capacity stationary energy solutions.

Keywords:

alloying anion intercalation black phosphorus dual-ion batteries graphite

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Dual-graphite batteries (DGBs), a type of dual-ion battery (DIB), use graphite in both electrodes for potential low-cost stationary storage.
Current DGBs have limited specific energy due to the capacity constraints of graphite electrodes.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a black phosphorus-carbon composite (BP-C) as a novel anode material for DIBs.
To investigate the electrochemical performance of graphite || BP-C DIB full-cells.
To compare the performance of these cells within the context of DGBs and DIBs with alloying anodes.

Main Methods:

Fabrication and electrochemical testing of DIB full-cells using a graphite cathode and a BP-C anode.
Mechanistic studies to elucidate ion storage and alloy formation mechanisms.
Performance evaluation including specific energy and Coulombic efficiency.

Main Results:

The graphite || BP-C DIB cells demonstrated high specific energies up to 319 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active materials) or 155 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active materials and salt).
Mechanistic studies confirmed anion storage in the graphite cathode and lithiated phosphorus alloy formation in the BP-C anode.
The cells exhibited high Coulombic efficiency, indicating stable cycling.

Conclusions:

The BP-C composite is a viable and high-capacity anode material for DIBs.
This work offers insights for developing advanced, high-energy DIBs using BP-C and other alloying anode materials.
The findings contribute to the advancement of safe and efficient stationary energy storage technologies.